Effects of Jiaohong Pills and Its Prescription on Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's Disease Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of 68Ga-FAPI PET for malignant tumors of the liver and biliary tract / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET for hepatobiliary malignancies. Methods:From July 2020 to February 2023, 33 patients (23 males, 10 females; age (55.4±13.5) years) with suspected or confirmed liver or biliary tract malignancies who underwent 68Ga-FAPI PET in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed. PET images were evaluated by 3 experienced nuclear medicine physicians, and the results of biopsy or postoperative pathology, clinical and imaging follow-up were used as the gold standard. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference t test were used to compare the differences among groups. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Results:Of 33 patients, 14 performed PET for initial diagnosis and staging, and 19 for restaging. There were 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and 6 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). The primary tumor of HCC, CCA and GBC all showed significant 68Ga-FAPI uptake, with no statistically significant difference in SUV max among groups ( F=1.58, P=0.250). The sensitivities of 68Ga-FAPI PET for initial diagnosis and restaging of hepatobiliary malignancies were 14/14 and 15/15, respectively. Compared with conventional imaging, 68Ga-FAPI PET changed the diagnosis and staging in 29.2%(7/24) patients. The treatment strategy was changed in 30.3%(10/33) patients with malignant tumors due to 68Ga-FAPI PET findings. Follow-up showed 22 cases survived and 11 cases died, with the overall survival of 355.56(80.00, 516.97) d, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 68.2% and 57.9%, respectively. Semi-quantitative 68Ga-FAPI PET parameters such as SUV max, target-liver ratio (TLR), and target-blood ratio (TBR) had no significant prognostic value, but the prognosis of the group without distant metastases diagnosed by 68Ga-FAPI PET was significantly better than that of the group with distant metastasis ( P=0.032). Conclusion:68Ga-FAPI PET has high sensitivity for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary malignancies, which can help guide treatment decisions and prognosis evaluation.

Analysis of dietary quality of preschool left behind children by using the revised Chinese diet balance index / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the dietary quality by adjusted diet balance index (DBI_16) of preschool left behind children in Anhui Province, and to provide a reference for rapidly and accurately evaluating their nutrition condition.@*Methods@#During September to December of 2018, selected 306 left behind children and 598 non left behind children aged 3-6 years old of Anhui Province in total. Four scoring methods (TS total score, LBS Low Bound Score, HBS High Bound Score, DQD Diet Quality Distance) were used to evaluate the dietary quality by Diet Balance Index Revision (DBI_16), and scores were compared to reflect the diet quality of preschool children in LBC group and NLBC group.@*Results@#The score of TS (-18.2, -16.1) in LBC group was lower than that of NLBC group, the scores of LBS(24.8, 23.1), HBS (7.9, 6.4) and DQD (35.9, 34.4) in LBC group were higher than that of NLBC group( Z =-46.02, 12.45, 4.14, 4.78, P <0.05). The daily intake of vegetables, fruits, animal food, milk, soybean and drinking water were obviously under the RNI, the dietary intake scores of milk(-4.1, -2.7), animal food (-2.2, -0.8) and food species (-7.4, -6.2) in LBC group were higher than that in NLBC group( Z =-26.42, 13.51, -6.59, P <0.01). About 44.1% of the preschool LBC were in moderate or severe deficit of food intake, 66.0% of the LBC were in the higher level of dietary imbalance, the LBC group s excessive and imbalance problem were of significant differences than those in the NLBC group ( χ 2=15.79, 11.51, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The dietary quality of preschool children in Anhui Province should be improved, the main diet problem was the dietary imbalance, which was related to deficiency in nutrients intake. The scores of DBI_16 in LBC group were significant different with those in NLBC group, it is necessary to take specific intervention to increase the intake of milk, eggs and fruits among preschool children.

Progress of takotsubo mediated by sympathetic nervous in children with intensive nervous system disease / 中国小儿急救医学

The incidence of intensive nervous system disease in children is high, and there will be more or less long-term sequelae.In addition, due to age, long-term treatment costs are high, causing a great burden to society.When intensive nervous system disease occurs, the body can show an increase in sympathetic activity and catecholamine, which leads to the occurrence of takotsubo.After the occurrence of takotsubo, it can reduce the supplement of intracranial oxygen, thus aggravate the intensive nervous system disease and aggravate the adverse clinical outcome of children.Sedation and analgesia to reduce sympathetic activity can achieve the purpose of treating intensive nervous system diseases and takotsubo.

Expressions and clinical significance of tetraspanin CO-029 and integrin αv in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of tetraspanin CO-029 and integrin αv in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC ).Methods:Tissue microarray (TMA) was used to detect the expression of CO-029 and αv in 254 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The relationship between the two factors and clinicopathological features, recurrence, metastasis and prognosis was analyzed.Spearman method was used to analyze their correlation.Relationship between αv and CO-029 was studied by mass spectrometry and database search,immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to detect the coexistence.Results:Tissue microarray analysis showed that the positive expression rate of CO-029 was 51.6% (131/254), and the positive expression rate of αv was 61.4% (156/254). The expression of CO-029 and αv were closely correlated with tumor envelope, size, number and TNM stage ( P<0.05). According to the time of recurrence (TTR), the expressions of CO-029 and αv in early postoperative recurrence group (TTR <1 year) were significantly higher than those in non recurrence group (TTR ≥ 1 year). The patients with high CO-029 expression were more likely to relapse ( HR=2.01, 95% CI=1.45-2.79; P<0.001) and had shorter survival time ( HR=2.03, 95% CI=1.46-2.81; P<0.001). The patients with high expression of αv had shorter recurrence time ( HR=1.85, 95% CI=1.38-2.47; P<0.001) and shorter survival time ( HR=1.95, 95% CI=1.40-2.71; P<0.001). Co immunoprecipitation and Western blot confirmed that αv and CO-029 formed a complex. There was a positive correlation between CO-029 and αv in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ( r=0.401, P<0.01). Conclusions:The differential expression of CO-029 and αv were closely related to the recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and CO-029 may couple with αv to form a complex to promote the invasion and metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Sodium butyrate affected the proliferation and apoptosis of steatosis HepG2 cells via G protein-coupled receptor 43/109a-phosphorylated protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of gut metabolite sodium butyrate on the proliferation and apoptosis of steatosis HepG2 cells in vitro. Methods:The in vitro steatosis hepatocyte model was established with human liver cell line HepG2 and free fatty acid (FFA; the concentration ratio of oleic acid to palmitic acid was 2∶1). Normal control group, model group and intervention groups with different concentration (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mmol/L) of sodium butyrate were set up. The inhibition of sodium butyrate on the proliferation of steatosis HepG2 cells was detected by cell counting kit (CCK-8). The proportion of apoptotic cells of normal control group, model group and sodium butyrate 5 mmol/L (sodium butyrate intervention) group was detected by flow cytometry. Normal control group, model group, intervention group with different concentration (1, 2, 5 and 10 mmol/L) of sodium butyrate, negative small interfering RNA (siRNA) control group, G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 43-siRNA group, GPR109a-siRNA group, GPR43+ GPR109 a double knockout group were set up. The change of the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) before and after transfection were detected by Western blotting. One-way analysis of varivance, SNK- q test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:The results of CCK-8 test indicated that sodium butyrate inhibited the proliferation of steatosis HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The results of flow cytometry showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells of the sodium butyrate intervention group was higher than that of the model group and normal control group ((3.400±0.100)% vs. (1.800±0.400)% and(1.067±0.451)%), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.721 and 8.705, both P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of apoptotic cells between the model group and the normal control group ( P>0.05). Before transfection, the expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR at protein level of the model group were both higher than those of the normal control group (2.300±0.058 vs. 1.000±0.012, 2.160±0.125 vs. 1.000±0.052), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=22.080 and 8.575, both P<0.05). The expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR at protein level of sodium butyrate intervention groups at 1, 2, 5 and 10 mmol/L were all lower than those of the model group (1.530±0.085, 1.407±0.096, 1.032±0.035 and 1.036±0.099 vs. 2.300±0.058; 1.483±0.073, 1.297±0.048, 1.067±0.035 and 0.970±0.072 vs. 2.160±0.125), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.491, 7.997, 19.790, and 11.020; 4.683, 6.445, 8.424, and 8.245; all P<0.05). After transfection, the expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR at protein level of GPR43-siRNA group, GPR109a-siRNA group and GPR43/ GPR109 a double knockout group were all higher than those of the negative siRNA control group and 5 mmol/L sodium butyrate group (1.474±0.045, 1.471±0.058 and 2.067±0.120 vs. 1.158±0.030 and 1.139±0.031; 1.850±0.082, 1.683±0.058 and 2.160±0.091 vs. 1.469±0.037 and 1.490±0.116), and the differences were statistically significant ( tp-AKT=5.807, 4.816, 7.322, 6.109, 5.080 and 7.463; tp-mTOR=4.235, 3.113, 7.044, 2.542, 1.497 and 4.562; all P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of sodium butyrate on the proliferation and apoptosis of steatosis HepG2 cells is associated with the GPR43/GPR109a-pAKT-mTOR signaling pathway.

Irradiated glioma cells induce bystander effects in neural stem cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate whether irradiated U251 glioma cells can induce bystander effects in unexposed neural stem cells (NSCs) thus affecting its proliferation, stemness and differentiation.Methods:The cells were divided into NSCs group, NSCs+ U251 group (co-cultured with U251) and NSCs+ IR U251 group (co-cultured with 10 Gy irradiated U251). Glioma cells and NSCs were co-cultured in a transwell insert set. Cell counting and neurosphere diameter measuring were carried out to evaluate the proliferation and neurosphere formation ability of NSCs. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression of Nestin protein to evaluate the stemness maintenance of NSCs, and to measure the expression levels of Tuj1 and GFAP proteins, the number of neuronal dendrites, synaptic length, the number of glial protrusions, as well as the length of glial protrusions.Results:The number of NSCs cultured with irradiated U251 cells was obviously smaller than that of NSCs cultured with sham-irradiated U251 cells ( t=2.52, P<0.05). The neurosphere formation ability of NSCs and the percentage of Nestin positive NSCs after co-culture with irradiated U251 cells significantly reduced in comparison with those after co-culture with sham-irradiated U251 cells ( t=-3.50, P<0.05). The percentages and the extent of NSCs differentiating into neuronal cells and glial cells( t=6.09, P<0.05)decreased obviously after co-culture with irradiated U251 cells in comparison with those after co-culture with sham-irradiated U251 cells. Conclusions:Irradiated glioma cells can significantly inhibit the proliferation, stemness and differentiation of unexposed NSCs due to bystander effect.

Comparison of the Anti-inflammation,Analgesic Effects of Decoctions Extracted from Aconiti Lateralis with Different Leaf Shapes from Different Producing Areas / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the anti-inflammation,analgesia effects of decoctions extracted from Aconiti lateralis with different leaf shapes(dahua leaf,xiaohua leaf)from different producing areas(Jiangyou,Butuo). METHODS:Animals were randomly divided into blank group(distilled water),positive group,groups of Aconiti lateralis with dahua,xiaohua leaf from Ji-angyou,groups of Aconiti lateralis with dahua,xiaohua leaf from Butuo(with dose of 5 g/kg,calculated by crude drug). The an-ti-inflammation effect of decoctions extracted from Aconiti lateralis with different variety sources and leaf shapes was investigated by xylene-induced ear swelling test (n=12) in mice and egg white-induced toe swelling test (n=10) in rats (positive drug was Dexamethasone acetate tablet,0.005 g/kg). And its analgesic effect was investigated by acetic acid-induced writhing body reaction test(n=12)and hot-plate-induced pain test(n=12)in mice(positive drug was Morphine hydrochloride tablet,0.0025 g/kg). RE-SULTS:The decoctions extracted from Aconiti lateralis with dahua,xiaohua leaf from Butuo and xiaohua leaf from Jiangyou can significantly reduce the ear swelling degree(P<0.01). The decoctions extracted from Aconiti lateralis with dahua leaf from Jiangy-ou and Butuo can significantly decrease the toe swelling degree after 6 h of medication(P<0.05). And decoctions extracted from Aconiti lateralis with xiaohua leaf from Butuo can significantly reduce the number of writhing body in mice with acetic acid-in-duced pain and prolong the pain threshold of mice with hot-plate-induced pain (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Aconiti lateralis with dahua and xiaohua leaf from Butuo and with xiaohua leaf from Jiangyou show better anti-inflammation effect,and Aconiti lateralis with xiaohua leaf from Butuo shows better analgesic effect.

The effects of static progressive stretching combined with joint mobilization on dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of static progressive stretching combined with joint mobilization on dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-six patients with knee joint dysfunction after total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 28.Both groups were treated with joint mobilization,while the treatment group was additionally provided with static progressive stretching for 8 weeks.Before and after the treatment,both groups' pain and knee function were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores,the range of motion and the hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS).Results Before the treatment there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the measurements.After the treatment,all of the measurements had improved in both groups,on average.Compared with the control group,the treatment group's average range of motion of the knee and HSS score were significantly better.Conclusion Static progressive stretches combined with joint mobilization can effectively relieve pain,expand the range of motion and improve the function of a knee joint after total knee arthroplasty.

Preparation of hydroxyapatite/chitosan-transforming growth factor-β composite coatings on titanium surfaces and its effect on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were successfully prepared. Their contact angle was almost zero. These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium.</p>